Articles to Read

The following list has been modified and expanded from a prior selection of articles by the American Journal of Neuroradiology. These papers cover major topics with varying levels of complexity and are likely to be highly valuable for both trainees and practicing neuroradiologists. The list will continue to be updated and noteworthy articles will be added as they become available.

COVID-19

Vargas M, Meling T. How the Lives of Neuroradiologists and Neurosurgeons Have Been Changed by COVID-19. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020 May 14.
Franceschi A, Ahmed O, Giliberto L, and M. Castillo. Hemorrhagic Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome as a Manifestation of COVID-19 Infection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020 May 21.
Leslie-Mazwi T, Fargen K, Levitt M et al. Preserving Access: A Review of Stroke Thrombectomy during the COVID-19 Pandemic. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020 May 21.
Kandemirli S, Dogan L, Sarikaya Z, et al. MRI Findings in Patients in the Intensive Care Unit With COVID-19 Infection. Radiology 2020 May 8;201697.
Radmanesh A, Derman A, Lui Y, et al. COVID-19 –associated Diffuse Leukoencephalopathy and Microhemorrhages. Radiology 2020 May 21;202040.
Fraser J, Arthur A, Chen M, et al. Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery recommendations for the care of emergent neurointerventional patients in the setting of COVID-19. J Neurointerv Surg 2020 Jun;12(6):539-541.
Chougar L, Shor N, Weiss N, et al. Retrospective Observational Study of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Patients with Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Neurological Manifestations. Radiology 2020 Jul 17;202422. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020202422.

ARTERIAL SPIN LABELING

Deibler AR, Pollock JM, Kraft RA, et al. Arterial Spin-Labeling in Routine Clinical Practice, Part 1: Technique and Artifacts. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:1228-34.
Deibler AR, Pollock JM, Kraft RA, et al. Arterial Spin-Labeling in Routine Clinical Practice, Part 2: Hypoperfusion Patterns. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:1235-41.
Deibler AR, Pollock JM, Kraft RA, et al. Arterial Spin-Labeling in Routine Clinical Practice, Part 3: Hyperperfusion Patterns. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:1428-35.
Grade M, Hernandez Tamames JA, Pizzini FB, et al. A neuroradiologist's guide to arterial spin labeling MRI in clinical practice. Neuroradiology 2015;57:1181-202.
Keil V, Hartkamp N, Connolly D, et al. Added value of arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric neuroradiology: pitfalls and applications. Pediatr Radiol 2019;49:245-253.
Telischak N, Detre J, Zaharchuk G. Arterial spin labeling MRI: clinical applications in the brain. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015;41:1165-80.

CEREBRAL INFECTION

Abdel Razek AA, Watcharakorn A, Castillo M. Parasitic diseases of the central nervous system. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2011;21:815-41, viii.
Acosta JH, Rantes CI, Arbelaez A, et al. Noncongenital central nervous system infections in children: radiology review. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2014;23:153-64.
Gottumukkala RV, Romero JM, Riascos RF, et al. Imaging of the brain in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2014;23:275-91
Mohan S, Jain KK, Arabi M, et al. Imaging of meningitis and ventriculitis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2012;22:557-83.

CONGENITAL

Barkovich AJ. Current Concepts of Polymicrogyria. Neuroradiology 2010;52:479-87.
Calloni S, Caschera , Triulzi F. Disorders of Ventral Induction/Spectrum of Holoprosencephaly. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2019;29:411-21.
Hahn JS, Barnes PD. Neuroimaging Advances in Holoprosencephaly: Reﬁning the Spectrum of the Midline Malformation. Am J Med Genet Part C Semin Med Genet 2010;154C:120-32.
Boyle CM, Rosenblum JD. Three-Dimensional CT for Pre- and Postsurgical Imaging of Patients with Craniosynostosis: Correlation of Operative Procedure and Radiologic Imaging. AJR 1997;169:1173-7.
Colombo N, Salamon N, Raybaud C, et al. Imaging of malformations of cortical development. Epileptic Disord 2009;11:194–205.
Guillemette-Artur P, Besnard M, Eyrolle-Guignot D, et al. Prenatal brain MRI of fetuses with Zika virus infection. Pediatr Radiol 2016;46:1032-9.
Neuberger I, Garcia J, Meyers M. Imaging of congenital central nervous system infections. Pediatr Radiol 2018;48:513-523.
Vezina G. Neuroimaging of phakomatoses: overview and advances. Pediatr Radiol 2015;45 Suppl 3:S433-42.

CRANIAL NERVES

Abolmaali N, Gudziol V, Hummel T. Pathology of the Olfactory Nerve. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2008;18:233-42.
Adams ME, Linn J, Yousry I. Pathology of the Ocular Motor Nerves III, IV, and VI. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2008;18:261-82.
Becker M, Kohler R, Vargas MI, et al. Pathology of the Trigeminal Nerve. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2008;18:282-307.
Blitz AM, Choudhri AF, Chonka ZD, et al. Anatomic considerations, nomenclature, and advanced cross-sectional imaging techniques for visualization of the cranial nerve segments by MR imaging. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2014;24:1-15.
Blitz AM, Macedo LL, Chonka ZD, et al. High-resolution CISS MR imaging with and without contrast for evaluation of the upper cranial nerves: segmental anatomy and selected pathologic conditions of the cisternal through extraforaminal segments. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2014;24:17-34.
Jäger HR, Miszkiel KA. Pathology of the Optic Nerve. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2008;18:243-59.
Maroldi R, Farina D, Borghesi A, et al. Perineural Tumor Spread. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2008;18:413-29.
Ozanne A, Pereira V, Krings T, et al. Arterial Vascularization of the Cranial Nerves. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2008;18:431-9.
Policeni BA, Smoker WRK. Pathologic Conditions of the Lower Cranial Nerves IX, X, XI, and XII. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2008;18:347-68.
Reede DL, Garcon E, Smoker WRK, et al. Horner's Syndrome: Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2008;18:369-85.
Smoker WRK, Reede DL. Denervation Atrophy of Motor Cranial Nerves. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2008;18:387-11.
Swartz JD. Pathology of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2008;18:321-46.
Veillon F, Taboada LR, Eid MA, et al. Pathology of the Facial Nerve. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2008;18:309-20.
Wen J, Desai N, Jeffery D, et al. High-Resolution Isotropic Three-Dimensional MR Imaging of the Extraforaminal Segments of the Cranial Nerves. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2018;26:101-119.

DEMENTIA

Degnan AJ, Levy LM. Neuroimaging of rapidly progressive dementias, part 1: neurodegenerative etiologies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014;35:418–23.
Degnan AJ, Levy LM. Neuroimaging of rapidly progressive dementias, part 2: prion, inflammatory, neoplastic, and other etiologies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014;35:424–31.
Patel K, Wymer D, Bhatia V, et al. Multimodality imaging of dementia: clinical importance and role of integrated anatomic and molecular imaging. Radiographics. Jan-Feb 2020;40(1):200-222.

DEMYELINATING AND INFLAMMATORY

Akaishi T, Nakashima I, Sato D et al. Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2017;27:251-265.
Barnett Y, Sutton IJ, Ghadiri M, et al. Conventional and advanced imaging in neuromyelitis optica. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014;35:1458-66.
Bester M, Petracca M, Inglese M. Neuroimaging of multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and other demyelinating diseases. Semin Roentgenol 2014;49:76-85.
Dekker I, Wattjes M. Brain and Spinal Cord MR Imaging Features in Multiple Sclerosis and Variants. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2017;27:205-227.
Denève M, Biotti D, Patsoura S et al. MRI features of demyelinating disease associated with anti-MOG antibodies in adults. J Neuroradiol 2019;46:312-318.
Filippi M, Rocca MA. MR imaging of multiple sclerosis. Radiology 2011;259(3):659-81.
Kelley BP, Patel SC, Marin HL, et al. Autoimmune Encephalitis: Pathophysiology and Imaging Review of an Overlooked Diagnosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017;38:1070-78.
Kim HJ, Paul F, Lana-Peixoto MA, et al. MRI characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: an international update. Neurology 2015;84:1165-73.

DTI

Jellison BJ, Field AS, Medow J, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging of cerebral white matter: a pictorial review of physics, fiber tract anatomy, and tumor imaging patterns. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004;25:356–69.
Mori S, Zhang J. Principles of diffusion tensor imaging and its applications to basic neuroscience research. Neuron 2006;51:527–39.
Nucifora PGP, Verma R, Lee SK, et al. Diffusion-Tensor MR Imaging and Tractography: Exploring Brain Microstructure and Connectivity. Radiology 2007;245:367-84.
Sternberg EJ, Lipton ML, Burns J. Utility of diffusion tensor imaging in evaluation of the peritumoral region in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014;35:439–44.

DWI

Harris AD, Coutts SB, Frayne R. Diffusion and Perfusion MR Imaging of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2009;17:291-313.
Karaarslan E, Arslan A. Diffusion weighted MR imaging in non-infarct lesions of the brain. Eur J Radiol 2008;65:402-16

EPILEPSY

Canas N, Soares P. MRI abnormalities induced by seizures. In: Bright P, ed. Neuroimaging—Clinical Applications. InTech; 2012:191–210.
Cianfoni A, Caulo M, Cerase A, et al. Seizure-induced brain lesions: a wide spectrum of variably reversible MRI abnormalities. Eur J Radiol 2013;82:1964–72.

fMRI

Shah LM, Anderson JS, Lee JN, et al. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Semin Roentgenol 2010;45:147-56.
Lee MH, Smyser CD, Shimony JS. Resting-state fMRI: a review of methods and clinical applications. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013;34:1866–72.

HEAD AND NECK CANCER

Eisenmenger LB, Wiggins RH, 3rd. Imaging of head and neck lymph nodes. Radiol Clin North Am 2015;53:115-32.
Glastonbury CM, Mukherji SK, O'Sullivan B, and Lydiatt WM. Setting the stage for 2018: how the changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control cancer staging manual eighth edition impact radiologists. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017 Dec;38(12):2231-2237.
Glastonbury CM, Salzman KL. Pitfalls in the staging of cancer of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2013;23:9-25.
Saindane AM. Pitfalls in the staging of cervical lymph node metastasis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2013;23:147-66.

HYPOXIC ISCHEMIC

Huang BY, Castillo M. Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury: Imaging Findings from Birth to Adulthood. RadioGraphics 2008;28:417-39.
Rutherford MA, Supramaniam V, Ederies A, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of white matter diseases of prematurity. Neuroradiology 2010;52:505-21.

MISCELLANEOUS NEURO TECHNIQUES

Huang BY, Castillo M. Neurovascular Imaging at 1.5 Tesla Versus 3.0 Tesla. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2009;17:29-46.
Mikulis DJ, Roberts TPL. Neuro MR: Protocols. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007;26:838-47.
Roberts TPL, Mikulis D. Neuro MR: Principles. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007;26:823-37.

NORMAL ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT

Raybaud C. The corpus callosum, the other great forebrain commissures, and the septum pellucidum: anatomy, development, and malformation. Neuroradiology 2010;52:447-77.

ORBITS

Ansari SA, Pak J, Shields M. Pathology and Imaging of the Lacrimal Drainage System. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2005;15:221-37.
Aviv RI, Miszkiel K. Orbital imaging: Part 2. Intraorbital pathology. Clinical Radiology 2005;60:288-307.
Mafee MF, Karimi A, Shah J, et al. Anatomy and Pathology of the Eye: Role of MR Imaging and CT. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2005;15:23-47.
Weber AL, Caruso P, Sabates NR. The Optic Nerve: Radiologic, Clinical, and Pathologic Evaluation. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2005;15:175-201.

PARANASAL SINUSES

Beale TJ, Madani G, Morley SJ. Imaging of the Paranasal Sinuses and Nasal Cavity: Normal Anatomy and Clinically Relevant Anatomical Variants. Semin Ultrasound CT MRI 2009;30:2-16.
Fatterpekar GM, Delman BN, Som PM. Imaging the paranasal sinuses: where we are and where we are going. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2008;291:1564–72.
Madani G, Beale TJ. Sinonasal Inflammatory Disease. Semin Ultrasound CT MRI 2009;30:17-24.
Madani G, Beale TJ, Lund VJ. Imaging of Sinonasal Tumors. Semin Ultrasound CT MRI 2009;30:25-38.

PERFUSION CT

Heit J, Wintermark M. Perfusion computed tomography for the evaluation of acute ischemic stroke: strengths and pitfalls. Stroke 2016 Apr;47(4):1153-8.
Konstas A, Goldmakher G, Lee T, and Lev M. Theoretic basis and technical implementations of ct perfusion in acute ischemic stroke, part 1: theoretic basis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009 Apr;30(4):662-8.
Wintermark M, Sincic R, Sridhar D, et al. Cerebral perfusion CT: Technique and clinical applications. J Neuroradiol 2008;35:253-60.

PERFUSION MR STROKE

Cha S. Perfusion MR imaging: basic principles and clinical applications. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am2003;11:403-13.
Essig M, Shiroishi MS, Nguyen TB, et al. Perfusion MRI: the five most frequently asked technical questions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013;200:24-34.
Harris AD, Coutts SB, Frayne R. Diffusion and Perfusion MR Imaging of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am2009;17:291-313.

PERFUSION MR TUMORS

Cha S. Perfusion MR Imaging of Brain Tumors. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2004;15:279-89.
Griffith B, Jain R. Perfusion Imaging in Neuro-Oncology: Basic Techniques and Clinical Applications. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2016;24:765-79.

PSEUDOTUMOR

Degnan AJ, Levy LM. Pseudotumor Cerebri: Brief Review of Clinical Syndrome and Imaging Findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:1986-93.

SELLA

Derman A, Shields M, David A, et al. Diseases of the sella and parasellar region: an overview. Semin Roentgenol 2013;48:35–51.
Ouyang T, Rothfus WE, Ng JM, et al. Imaging of the Pituitary. Radiol Clin N Am 2011;49:549-71.

SPECTROSCOPY

Di Costanzo A, Trojsi F, Tosetti M, et al. Proton MR spectroscopy of the brain at 3 T: an update. Eur Radiol 2007;17:1651-62.
Dezortova M, Hajek M. ¹H MR spectroscopy in pediatrics. Eur J Radiol 2008;67:240-9.
Mullins ME. MR Spectroscopy: Truly Molecular Imaging; Past, Present and Future. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2006;16:605-18.

SPINE

Esendagli-Yilmaz G, Uluoglu O. Pathologic basis of pyogenic, nonpyogenic, and other spondylitis and discitis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2015;25:159-61.
Fardon DF, Williams AL, Dohring EJ, et al. Lumbar disc nomenclature: version 2.0: Recommendations of the combined task forces of the North American Spine Society, the American Society of Spine Radiology and the American Society of Neuroradiology. Spine J 2014;14:2525-45.
Gallucci M, Limbucci N, Paonessa A, et al. Degenerative Disease of the Spine. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2007;17:87-103.
Grimme JD, Castillo M. Congenital Anomalies of the Spine. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2007;17:1-16.
Kotsenas AL. Imaging of posterior element axial pain generators: facet joints, pedicles, spinous processes, sacroiliac joints, and transitional segments. Radiol Clin North Am 2012;50:705–30.
Modic MT, Ross, JS. Lumbar degenerative disk disease. Radiology 2007;245:43–61.
Noujaim SE, Moreng KL, Noujaim DL. Cystic Lesions in Spinal Imaging: A Pictorial Review and Classification. Neurographics 2013;3:14-27.
Rossi A, Gandolfo C, Morana G, et al. Current Classiﬁcation and Imaging of Congenital Spinal Abnormalities. Semin Roentgenol 2006;41:250-73.
Sundgren PC, Philipp M, Maly PV. Spinal Trauma. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2007;17:73-85.
Thurnher MM, Cartes-Zumelzu F, Mueller-Mang C. Demyelinating and Infectious Diseases of the Spinal Cord. Neuroimag Clin N Am 2007;17:37-55.
Torres C, Zakhari N. Imaging of spine infection. Semin Roentgenol 2017;52:17-26.
Vargas MI, Gariani J, Sztajzel R, et al. Spinal cord ischemia: practical imaging tips, pearls, and pitfalls. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015;36:825-30.

SWI

Haacke EM, Mittal S, Wu Z, et al. Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging: Technical Aspects and Clinical Applications, Part 1. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol2009;30:19-30.
Mittal S, Wu Z, Neelavalli J, et al. Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging: Technical Aspects and Clinical Applications, Part 2. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol2009;30:232-52.

TEMPORAL BONE

Berrettini S, Forli F, De Vito A, et al. Cochlear implant in incomplete partition type I. Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Ital 2013;33:56–62.
Huang BY, Zdanski C, Castillo MC. Pediatric Sensorineural Hearing Loss, Part 1: Practical Aspects for Neuroradiologists. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012;33:211-7.
Huang BY, Zdanski C, Castillo MC. Pediatric Sensorineural Hearing Loss, Part 2: Syndromic and Acquired Causes. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012 Mar;33:399-406.
Juliano AF, Ginat DT, Moonis G. Imaging review of the temporal bone: part I. Anatomy and inflammatory and neoplastic processes. Radiology 2013;269(1):17-33.
Juliano AF, Ginat DT, Moonis G. Imaging Review of the Temporal Bone: Part II. Traumatic, Postoperative, and Noninflammatory Nonneoplastic Conditions. Radiology 2015;276(3):655-72.

TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT

Davis MA, Castillo M. MRI evaluation of the temporomandibular joints in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective review. Neuroradiol J 2011;24(6):928-32.
Navallas M, Inarejos EJ, Iglesias E, et al. MR Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Technique and Findings. Radiographics 2017;37(2):595-612.
Tomas X, Pomes J, Berenguer J, et al. MR Imaging of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction: A Pictorial Review. Radiographics 2006;26(3):765-81.

TUMOR

Bangiyev L, Rossi Espagnet MC, Young R, et al. Adult brain tumor imaging: state of the art. Semin Roentgenol 2014;49:39–52.
Hygino da Cruz, Jr, LC, Rodriguez I, Domingues RC, et al. Pseudoprogression and Pseudoresponse: Imaging Challenges in the Assessment of Posttreatment Glioma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:1978-85.
Jaimes C, Poussaint T. Primary Neoplasms of the Pediatric Brain. Radiol Clin North Am 2019;57:1163-75.
Louis DN, Perry A, Reifenberger G, et al. The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Acta Neuropathol 2016;131:803-20.
Osborn AG, Preece MT. Intracranial cysts: radiologic-pathologic correlation and imaging approach. Radiology 2006;239:650–64.
Stupp R, Tonn J-C, Brada M, et al. High-grade malignant glioma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2010;24(suppl 5):v190-3.
Wen PY, Macdonald DR, Reardon DA, et al. Updated Response Assessment Criteria for High-Grade Gliomas: Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Working Group. JCO 2010;28:1963-72.

VASCULAR

Amini A, Osborn A, McCall T, et al. Remote cerebellar hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006;27:387–90.
Shapiro M, Becske T, Riina HA, et al. Toward an endovascular internal carotid artery classification system. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014;35:230–36.
Soun J, Song J, Romero J, et al. Central Nervous System Vasculopathies. Radiol Clin North Am 2019;57:1117-31.
van Amerongen MJ, Boogaarts HD, de Vries J, et al. MRA versus DSA for follow-up of coiled intracranial aneurysms: a meta-analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014;35:1655–61.